Monitor blood pressure and heart rate continuously during labetalol infusion. Hypotension, the most common adverse effect, typically manifests as dizziness or lightheadedness. Reduce the infusion rate immediately if systolic blood pressure falls below 90 mmHg or the patient reports symptoms. If hypotension is severe, temporarily stop the infusion and consider administering intravenous fluids. Bradycardia, another potential side effect, requires slowing or stopping the infusion and may necessitate atropine administration.
Managing Specific Adverse Effects
Nausea and vomiting occur occasionally. Antiemetics such as ondansetron can provide relief. Bronchospasm, although rare, may necessitate discontinuation of labetalol and initiation of bronchodilator therapy with albuterol or similar medications. Fatigue and headache are less serious side effects; supportive care, including rest and pain relief as needed, is typically sufficient. Rarely, liver dysfunction or allergic reactions may occur. Discontinue the infusion immediately if these develop and initiate appropriate treatment.
Closely observe the patient for any signs of worsening cardiac status, including changes in rhythm or signs of heart failure. Continuous monitoring and prompt intervention are key to minimizing the risks associated with labetalol infusion.
