Aspirin works by blocking cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. These enzymes play a key role in producing prostaglandins, chemicals that contribute to inflammation, pain, and fever.
Two COX Isozymes: COX-1 and COX-2
There are two main COX isozymes: COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 produces prostaglandins that protect the stomach lining and regulate blood clotting. COX-2, on the other hand, primarily produces prostaglandins involved in inflammation and pain at the site of injury.
Aspirin’s Selective Inhibition
Aspirin irreversibly inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2. This means it permanently blocks these enzymes from functioning. This non-selective inhibition is responsible for both its anti-inflammatory effects and its side effects, such as stomach upset. More selective COX-2 inhibitors exist but carry their own set of risks.
| COX-1 | Stomach protection, blood clotting | Irreversible inhibition; potential for side effects |
| COX-2 | Inflammation, pain | Irreversible inhibition; therapeutic effect |
Consequences of COX Inhibition
By inhibiting COX enzymes, aspirin reduces prostaglandin production. This leads to decreased inflammation, pain relief, and reduced fever. The irreversible nature of aspirin’s inhibition means its effects last longer than those of some other NSAIDs.
Note:
Always consult a healthcare professional before using aspirin, especially if you have a history of stomach ulcers, bleeding disorders, or allergies. Dosage and usage should always follow medical guidance. This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice.
