Amoxicillin’s stability is significantly impacted by pH and temperature. Hydrolysis, a key degradation pathway, accelerates in acidic and alkaline conditions, producing inactive metabolites. Optimal storage at cool, dry temperatures minimizes this process.
PH Influence on Degradation
Specifically, at pH values below 3 or above 7, the rate of hydrolysis increases dramatically. This leads to the formation of amoxicillin acid and other degradation products, reducing the drug’s potency. Formulations often include buffers to maintain a suitable pH range, typically around 6. Pharmacists should note the sensitivity of amoxicillin to pH changes and handle it carefully.
Interaction with Other Substances
Amoxicillin interacts with several substances, altering its effectiveness or causing adverse reactions. For example, probenecid inhibits renal tubular secretion of amoxicillin, increasing its serum concentration. Conversely, antacids containing aluminum or magnesium hydroxide can reduce amoxicillin absorption by forming insoluble complexes. Concurrent use of oral contraceptives might decrease effectiveness. Always check for potential drug interactions with other medications.
Oxidation and Light Sensitivity
Amoxicillin is susceptible to oxidation, particularly in the presence of oxygen and light. Exposure to UV radiation accelerates degradation. Appropriate packaging and storage conditions, such as amber glass bottles, are crucial to preserving the drug’s potency. Degradation by oxidation results in the formation of inactive compounds. Pharmaceutical manufacturers employ antioxidants to mitigate oxidative degradation during manufacturing.
