Metoclopramide, administered intravenously, can cause various side effects. Extrapyramidal symptoms, including acute dystonia (muscle spasms), akathisia (restlessness), and parkinsonism (tremor, rigidity), are relatively common, especially in higher doses. These typically manifest within hours of administration.
Gastrointestinal effects such as diarrhea and constipation can occur. Patients may also experience drowsiness or fatigue. Less frequently, but still importantly, hypotension (low blood pressure) and arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat) can be observed. Rarely, patients report allergic reactions, such as skin rash or itching.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), a rare but serious complication, involves high fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic instability. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience these symptoms.
Prolonged use of metoclopramide is associated with an increased risk of tardive dyskinesia, a chronic movement disorder characterized by involuntary movements of the face, mouth, and limbs. Regular monitoring during extended treatment is necessary.
Always inform your healthcare provider about any pre-existing medical conditions, particularly neurological disorders or cardiovascular issues, before receiving metoclopramide.
