Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is high blood pressure in the arteries leading to your lungs. This increased pressure makes it harder for your heart to pump blood through your lungs, leading to shortness of breath, fatigue, and dizziness. Several types exist, each with unique causes and treatments.
Types of Pulmonary Hypertension
Group 1 PH involves problems with the small arteries in your lungs, often due to genetic factors or other underlying conditions like connective tissue diseases. Group 2 PH relates to heart problems, such as left-sided heart failure. Group 3 PH stems from lung diseases, like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Group 4 PH arises from blood clots in the lungs (pulmonary thromboembolism). Group 5 PH results from various other conditions, including high altitude exposure.
Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, blood tests, echocardiogram, and often a right heart catheterization. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving the quality of life. Options range from medications like sildenafil to oxygen therapy and surgery, depending on the severity and type of PH. Early diagnosis and tailored treatment plans are critical for better outcomes. Regular monitoring is also very important to track disease progression and adjust treatment as needed.
